On the canvas of the Indian economy, auto industry occupies a prominent
place. Due to its deep forward and backward linkages with several key segments
of the economy, automotive industry has a strong multiplier effect and is
capable of being the driver of economic growth. A sound transportation system
plays a pivotal role in the country's rapid economic and industrial
development. The well-developed Indian automotive industry ably fulfils this
catalytic role by producing a wide variety of vehicles: passenger cars, light,
medium and heavy commercial vehicles, multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps,
scooters, motorcycles, mopeds, three wheelers, tractors etc.
The automotive sector is one of the core industries of the Indian
economy, whose prospect is reflective of the economic resilience of the
country. Continuous economic liberalization over the years by the government of
India has resulted in making India as one of the prime business destination for
many global automotive players. The automotive sector in India is growing at
around 18 per cent per annum.
The automotive
industry comprising of the automobile and the auto component sectors has made
rapid strides since delicensing and opening up of the sector to FDI in 1991.
The industry had an investment of about Rs. 50,000 crore in 2002-03 which has
gone upto Rs. 80,000 crore by the year 2007. The automotive industry has
already attained a turnover of Rs. 1,65,000 crore (34 billion USD). The
industry provides direct and indirect employment to 1.31 crore people. The
contribution of the automotive industry to GDP has risen from 2.77% in 1992-93
to 5% in 2006-07. The industry is also making a contribution of 17% to the
kitty of indirect taxes of the Government.
Introduction
The Indian auto components industry is one of the
fastest growing industries and is riding on the success of the automobile
sector. Coupled with growing demand and technological advancements, the auto
components industry in India has emerged as a key market in Asia as well as the
world. The country currently supplies auto components to a number of
international automobile makers, such as General Motors, Toyota, Ford and
Volkswagen, amongst others.
A joint report of Automotive Component
Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) and McKinsey forecasts automotive
component to be a US$ 100 billion industry by 2020, compared with about US$
35.1 billion today. The report predicts revenue to come from both local sales
and exports.
Currently, India is ranked 22 among global
component exporting countries. China is at the third spot on the list led by
Germany and the US. According to the McKinsey report, India will jump to 9th
spot in exports by 2020.
Market size
The Indian auto-components industry can be broadly
classified into the organised and unorganised sectors. The organised sector
caters to the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and consists of
high-value precision instruments while the unorganised sector comprises
low-valued products and caters mostly to the aftermarket category.
AUTO ANCILLARY: MAJOR SEGMENTS AND CORRESPONDING SUB-SEGMENTS
Majority of Indian auto component exports are to
countries in Europe, which account for 35 per cent followed by countries in
North America with 26 per cent.
The export of auto components showed a great deal
of improvement registering a growth of 16.7 per cent to Rs 61,487 crore (US$
10.04 billion) in 2013-14 from Rs 52,690 crore (US$ 8.61 billion) in 2012-13.
Also, with the automotive sector being a key driver of the economy and growth
returning to vehicle consumption in the past few months, ACMA expects the
industry to grow by 4–6 per cent in FY15.
The cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI)
inflows into the Indian automobile industry during the period April 2000 –
August 2014 was recorded at US$ 10,119.68 million, as per data published by the
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Government of India.
Investments
The investments and developments in the automobile
components sector in the past few months are as follows:
·
Honeywell Turbo Technologies has entered into an agreement with Tata
Group to develop its first ever petrol turbocharged engine. The new Tata
Revotron 1.2T engine launched in the 2014 Tata Zest delivers improved power and
torque and a multi-drive mode.
·
TE Connectivity, a manufacturer of connectors for electric, electronic
and internet systems, is establishing an integrated manufacturing facility in
Bengaluru at an investment of Rs 300 crore (US$ 49.03 million). The plant,
measuring 280,000 sq ft, will create jobs in areas of assembly, packaging,
moulding, stamping, tooling machine components, cable processes, etc.
·
Volkswagen India plans to export half the cars it will make at its
Chakan plant this year, after having sold 100,000 units in the previous year with
exports standing at 25 per cent.
·
Tata Cummins, a joint venture (JV) between Cummins Inc and Tata Motors,
inaugurated its third manufacturing facility at the Cummins Megasite in
Phaltan, Maharashtra to manufacture diesel engines. The new plant will build
the ISL and QSL 8.9 litre engines to cater to the global power generation,
industrial and automotive markets.
·
TVS Group Company Sundram Fasteners Ltd has reported a 29 per cent
increase in net profit at Rs 38 crore (US$ 6.21 million) during the quarter ended
June 30, mainly on increased exports. A drop in finance charges and a rise on
operating margin supported profit margins has been attributed to the increase
of exports.
·
Varron Group, which specialises in manufacture of aluminium ingots, has
planned an aggressive roadmap with the commissioning of a Rs 700 crore (US$
114.41 million) facility in Nagpur. The new integrated plant in Nagpur will
have a capacity to produce 30,000 tonnes of ingots each month which will give
Varron an opportunity to supply directly to OEMs.
·
Precision manufacturing firm Aequs has opened a new automotive
components plant at its 250- acre Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Belgaum to
support its expansion plans in the US and European markets. The plant will roll
out engine and transmission parts, sub-assemblies, assemblies as well as add
machining capacity of over 100,000 hours annually.
TURNOVER
2009-14
Government Initiatives
The Government of India’s Automotive Mission Plan
(AMP) 2006–2016 has come a long way in ensuring the growth of this sector in
the global market. It has been expected that this sector's contribution to the
GDP will double reaching a turnover worth US$ 145 billion in 2016 due to the
government’s special focus on exports of small cars, multi-utility vehicles (MUVs),
two and three-wheelers and auto components. Also, the deregulation of FDI in
this sector has helped foreign companies to invest in huge amounts in India. “The government has instilled confidence in the
market with assurance of positive policy changes. We hope that by the fiscal
year 2014–15, capacity utilisation will go up to 90 per cent," according
to Mr Harish Lakshman, President, ACMA.
The Government of India is in talks with ACMA and
several industry bodies to extend the current excise duties concession beyond
December 2014. Under the scheme, excise duties have been reduced for the
following segments:
·
For small cars, motorcycle, scooters and commercial vehicles – duty has
been reduced from 12 per cent to 8 per cent.
·
For mid-sized cars – duty has been reduced from 24 per cent to 20 per
cent.
·
For large cars – duty has been reduced from 27 per cent to 24 per cent.
WHERE DOES INDIA STAND IN COMPARISON TO OTHER COUNTRIES
Road Ahead
According to ACMA, the Indian auto components
industry is likely to grow to US$ 150 billion by 2020 with domestic market
share of about US$ 85 billion. The Indian auto components industry is well
poised to achieve strong growth in the coming years owing to rising domestic
demand in the OEM market. Also, the decline in raw material cost, such as
decrease in cost of rubber, will help in improving the operating margins and
consequently aid in increasing the exports from the auto components sector in
India.
The country is slowly gaining the position of
global outsourcing hub for auto components:
·
The trend of auto ancillary majors getting into multiple automotive
segments to shield from market fluctuation will be witnessed more in the coming
years.
· Low vehicle scrappage rate, need for frequent replacements and growing
used vehicle market will drive the auto ancillary after-market
·
In order to improve cost competitiveness during market slowdown, vehicle
manufacturers are reducing in-house component production and opting for
outsourcing to reduce investment and technology up-gradation. This trend is expected
to expand the domestic auto ancillary market and increase competitiveness.
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